Benicia, CA Facts, Population, Income, Demographics, Economy

Population (male): 13,766

Median Age: 45.0 years

Poverty (overall): Percentage of residents living in poverty in 2017: 7.2%

Poverty (breakdown): (5.6% for White Non-Hispanic residents, 14.2% for Black residents, 6.9% for Hispanic or Latino residents, 47.6% for American Indian residents, 21.3% for Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander residents, 13.5% for other race residents, 9.7% for two or more races residents)

Sex Offenders: According to our research of California and other state lists, there were 8 registered sex offenders living in Benicia, California as of January 15, 2021. The ratio of all residents to sex offenders in Benicia is 3,558 to 1.The ratio of registered sex offenders to all residents in this city is much

Ancestries: Ancestries: German (6.8%), Irish (6.7%), English (4.9%), Italian (4.4%), American (3.4%), European (3.3%).

Elevation: 33 feet

Land Area: 12.9 square miles.

Population Density:

Zip Codes: 94510, 94591

Connections to Benicia include Interstate 680 from Martinez to the south and Cordelia Junction (Fairfield) to the north, and Interstate 780, Columbus Parkway, and other local roads from Vallejo to the west. Amtrak also runs past the city north towards Sacramento, but the nearest train station lies in Martinez across the Carquinez Strait. Railroad tracks carrying Amtrak and Union Pacific Railroad lines cross the strait alongside the Benicia–Martinez Bridge.

Goldribbon

Recognitions and Certifications

Accredited Drug Testing has been recognized as one of the "Top 10 drug testing companies" for excellent customer service and we have received TPA Accreditation from the National Drug and Alcohol Screening Association. We are active in all drug testing industry associations and our staff are trained and certified as drug and alcohol testing specialists.

Important Links

National Drug and Alcohol Screening Association (https://ndasa.com/)

National Drug Free Workplace Alliance (https://www.ndwa.org/)

Substance Abuse Program Administrators Association (https://www.sapaa.com/)

Substance Abuse Mental Health Safety Administration (https://www.samhsa.gov/)

US Drug Enforcement Administration (https://www.dea.gov/)

Office of Drug alcohol Policy Control (https://www.transportation.gov/odapc)

Benicia, California Drug Testing

Drug Testing10panel

10 Panel Drug Test, Benicia, CA

Accredited Drug Testing provides a 10-panel drug test at testing centers located in Benicia CA and throughout the local area. Same day service is available, and most testing centers are within minutes of your home or office. DOT drug testing and ETG Alcohol testing is also available.

2042 Columbus Pkwy, 2.8 miles

2042 Columbus Pkwy,
Benicia, CA 94510
Categories: Benicia CA

1100 ROSE DR ste 140 2.8 miles

1100 ROSE DR ste 140
BENICIA, CA 94510
Categories: BENICIA CA

538 STONE RD STE G 2.8 miles

538 STONE RD STE G
BENICIA, CA 94510
Categories: BENICIA CA

3237 ALHAMBRA AVE STE 2 3.6 miles

3237 ALHAMBRA AVE STE 2
MARTINEZ, CA 94553
Categories: MARTINEZ CA

200 MUIR RD Hacienda Bldg, 1st Floor 4.0 miles

200 MUIR RD Hacienda Bldg, 1st Floor
MARTINEZ, CA 94553
Categories: MARTINEZ CA

827 ARNOLD DR STE 70 4.3 miles

827 ARNOLD DR STE 70
MARTINEZ, CA 94553
Categories: MARTINEZ CA

1805 ARNOLD DR 5.1 miles

1805 ARNOLD DR
MARTINEZ, CA 94553
Categories: MARTINEZ CA

520 6TH ST 6.1 miles

520 6TH ST
RODEO, CA 94572
Categories: RODEO CA

243 GEORGIA ST STE B 6.5 miles

243 GEORGIA ST STE B
VALLEJO, CA 94590
Categories: VALLEJO CA

500 Alfred Nobel Drive, Suite 115 6.7 miles

500 Alfred Nobel Drive, Suite 115
Hercules, CA 94547
Categories: Hercules CA

17 Tennessee St 7.0 miles

17 Tennessee St
Vallejo, CA 94590
Categories: Vallejo CA

300 HOSPITAL DR 7.2 miles

300 HOSPITAL DR
VALLEJO, CA 94589
Categories: VALLEJO CA

2280 DIAMOND BLVD STE 520 7.3 miles

2280 DIAMOND BLVD STE 520
CONCORD, CA 94520
Categories: CONCORD CA

975 SERENO DR 7.3 miles

975 SERENO DR
VALLEJO, CA 94589
Categories: VALLEJO CA

4749 SURREY LN 7.8 miles

4749 SURREY LN
EL SOBRANTE, CA 94803
Categories: EL SOBRANTE CA

2231 GALAXY CT 7.8 miles

2231 GALAXY CT
CONCORD, CA 94520
Categories: CONCORD CA

2090 COMMERCE AVE 7.9 miles

2090 COMMERCE AVE
CONCORD, CA 94520
Categories: CONCORD CA

2540 EAST ST 8.1 miles

2540 EAST ST
CONCORD, CA 94520
Categories: CONCORD CA

2425 East Street, Suite 6 8.2 miles

2425 East Street, Suite 6
Concord, CA 94520
Categories: Concord CA

609 GREGORY LN STE 100 8.2 miles

609 GREGORY LN STE 100
PLEASANT HILL, CA 94523
Categories: PLEASANT HILL CA

401 Gregory Ln, Ste 146 8.3 miles

401 Gregory Ln, Ste 146
Pleasant Hill, CA 94523
Categories: Pleasant Hill CA

2477 PACHECO ST 8.4 miles

2477 PACHECO ST
CONCORD, CA 94520
Categories: CONCORD CA

2970 HILLTOP MALL RD STE 203 10.5 miles

2970 HILLTOP MALL RD STE 203
RICHMOND, CA 94806
Categories: RICHMOND CA

320 LENNON LN FL 2 10.8 miles

320 LENNON LN FL 2
WALNUT CREEK, CA 94598
Categories: WALNUT CREEK CA

1981 N BROADWAY Ste 190 11.2 miles

1981 N BROADWAY Ste 190
WALNUT CREEK, CA 94596
Categories: WALNUT CREEK CA

108 LA CASA VIA, STE 105 11.4 miles

108 LA CASA VIA, STE 105
WALNUT CREEK, CA 94598
Categories: WALNUT CREEK CA

2425 CHURCH LN 11.6 miles

2425 CHURCH LN
SAN PABLO, CA 94806
Categories: SAN PABLO CA

2000 VALE RD 11.9 miles

2000 VALE RD
SAN PABLO, CA 94806
Categories: SAN PABLO CA

1425 S MAIN ST 12.1 miles

1425 S MAIN ST
WALNUT CREEK, CA 94596
Categories: WALNUT CREEK CA

5167 CLAYTON RD STE H 12.3 miles

5167 CLAYTON RD STE H
CONCORD, CA 94521
Categories: CONCORD CA

3726 BARRETT AVE 12.3 miles

3726 BARRETT AVE
RICHMOND, CA 94805
Categories: RICHMOND CA

120 BROADWAY STE 23 13.0 miles

120 BROADWAY STE 23
RICHMOND, CA 94804
Categories: RICHMOND CA

901 NEVIN AVE BLDG B FLOOR 1 13.5 miles

901 NEVIN AVE BLDG B FLOOR 1
RICHMOND, CA 94801
Categories: RICHMOND CA

1001 PITTSBURG ANTIOCH HWY STE B 13.9 miles

1001 PITTSBURG ANTIOCH HWY STE B
PITTSBURG, CA 94565
Categories: PITTSBURG CA

2505 BATAAN ST STE O 14.2 miles

2505 BATAAN ST STE O
OAKLAND, CA 94607
Categories: OAKLAND CA

2450 ASHBY AVE 14.4 miles

2450 ASHBY AVE
BERKELEY, CA 94705
Categories: BERKELEY CA

3774 RAILROAD AVE STE C 14.7 miles

3774 RAILROAD AVE STE C
PITTSBURG, CA 94565
Categories: PITTSBURG CA

1901 RAILROAD AVE STE B 14.9 miles

1901 RAILROAD AVE STE B
PITTSBURG, CA 94565
Categories: PITTSBURG CA

1411 Oliver Road, Suite 130 15.2 miles

1411 Oliver Road, Suite 130
Fairfield, CA 94534
Categories: Fairfield CA

2850 7TH ST STE 100 15.3 miles

2850 7TH ST STE 100
BERKELEY, CA 94710
Categories: BERKELEY CA

1251 CALIFORNIA AVE STE 600 15.8 miles

1251 CALIFORNIA AVE STE 600
PITTSBURG, CA 94565
Categories: PITTSBURG CA

4069 PIEDMONT AVE STE 910 16.2 miles

4069 PIEDMONT AVE STE 910
OAKLAND, CA 94611
Categories: OAKLAND CA

6001 SHELLMOUND ST STE 850 16.3 miles

6001 SHELLMOUND ST STE 850
EMERYVILLE, CA 94608
Categories: EMERYVILLE CA

1517 GRAND AVE 16.3 miles

1517 GRAND AVE
PIEDMONT, CA 94611
Categories: PIEDMONT CA

3701 BROADWAY FL 5 16.5 miles

3701 BROADWAY FL 5
OAKLAND, CA 94611
Categories: OAKLAND CA

2470 HILBORN RD STE 110 16.6 miles

2470 HILBORN RD STE 110
FAIRFIELD, CA 94534
Categories: FAIRFIELD CA

3300 WEBSTER ST, STE 1110 16.7 miles

3300 WEBSTER ST, STE 1110
OAKLAND, CA 94609
Categories: OAKLAND CA

350 HAWTHORNE AVE 16.8 miles

350 HAWTHORNE AVE
OAKLAND, CA 94609
Categories: OAKLAND CA

2339 BUCHANAN RD 17.5 miles

2339 BUCHANAN RD
ANTIOCH, CA 94509
Categories: ANTIOCH CA

3400 DELTA FAIR BLVD 17.6 miles

3400 DELTA FAIR BLVD
ANTIOCH, CA 94509
Categories: ANTIOCH CA

1700 BROADWAY STE 310 17.8 miles

1700 BROADWAY STE 310
OAKLAND, CA 94612
Categories: OAKLAND CA

384 EMBARCADERO W 18.7 miles

384 EMBARCADERO W
OAKLAND, CA 94607
Categories: OAKLAND CA

25 BELLAM BLVD STE 101 20.0 miles

25 BELLAM BLVD STE 101
SAN RAFAEL, CA 94901
Categories: SAN RAFAEL CA

3260 Beard Road, Suite A 20.3 miles

3260 Beard Road, Suite A
Napa, CA 94558
Categories: Napa CA

1000 TRANCAS ST 20.4 miles

1000 TRANCAS ST
NAPA, CA 94558
Categories: NAPA CA

2421 ENCINAL AVE STE A 20.4 miles

2421 ENCINAL AVE STE A
ALAMEDA, CA 94501
Categories: ALAMEDA CA

3285 CLAREMONT WAY FL 2 20.4 miles

3285 CLAREMONT WAY FL 2
NAPA, CA 94558
Categories: NAPA CA

3435 VALLE VERDE DR STE B 20.6 miles

3435 VALLE VERDE DR STE B
NAPA, CA 94558
Categories: NAPA CA

2111 Whitehall Place, Suite D 20.7 miles

2111 Whitehall Place, Suite D
Alameda, CA 94501
Categories: Alameda CA

3901 LONE TREE WAY 21.1 miles

3901 LONE TREE WAY
ANTIOCH, CA 94509
Categories: ANTIOCH CA

2 FIFER AVE STE 130 21.1 miles

2 FIFER AVE STE 130
CORTE MADERA, CA 94925
Categories: CORTE MADERA CA

7817 OAKPORT ST 21.2 miles

7817 OAKPORT ST
OAKLAND, CA 94621
Categories: OAKLAND CA

7901 OAKPORT ST STE 4950 2ND FLOOR 21.3 miles

7901 OAKPORT ST STE 4950 2ND FLOOR
OAKLAND, CA 94621
Categories: OAKLAND CA

101 CASA BUENA DR 21.3 miles

101 CASA BUENA DR
CORTE MADERA, CA 94925
Categories: CORTE MADERA CA

401 ROLAND WAY STE 205 21.5 miles

401 ROLAND WAY STE 205
OAKLAND, CA 94621
Categories: OAKLAND CA

2301 CAMINO RAMON STE 108 21.6 miles

2301 CAMINO RAMON STE 108
SAN RAMON, CA 94583
Categories: SAN RAMON CA

6001 NORRIS CANYON RD Ste 142 21.7 miles

6001 NORRIS CANYON RD Ste 142
SAN RAMON, CA 94583
Categories: SAN RAMON CA

5601 NORRIS CANYON RD STE 140 21.7 miles

5601 NORRIS CANYON RD STE 140
SAN RAMON, CA 94583
Categories: SAN RAMON CA

99 MONTECILLO RD MOB 1 21.7 miles

99 MONTECILLO RD MOB 1
SAN RAFAEL, CA 94903
Categories: SAN RAFAEL CA

1220 S ELISEO DR 21.8 miles

1220 S ELISEO DR
GREENBRAE, CA 94904
Categories: GREENBRAE CA

1300 South Eliseo Drive, Suite 101 21.8 miles

1300 South Eliseo Drive, Suite 101
Greenbrae, CA 94904
Categories: Greenbrae CA

1321 S ELISEO DR 1ST FL 21.8 miles

1321 S ELISEO DR 1ST FL
GREENBRAE, CA 94904
Categories: GREENBRAE CA

49 DRUMM ST 21.9 miles

49 DRUMM ST
SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111
Categories: SAN FRANCISCO CA

26 CALIFORNIA ST 21.9 miles

26 CALIFORNIA ST
SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111
Categories: SAN FRANCISCO CA

250 BON AIR RD 22.0 miles

250 BON AIR RD
GREENBRAE, CA 94904
Categories: GREENBRAE CA

180 ROWLAND WAY 22.1 miles

180 ROWLAND WAY
NOVATO, CA 94945
Categories: NOVATO CA

200 BUTCHER RD 22.2 miles

200 BUTCHER RD
VACAVILLE, CA 95687
Categories: VACAVILLE CA

845 JACKSON ST 22.2 miles

845 JACKSON ST
SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94133
Categories: SAN FRANCISCO CA

3450 HILLCREST AVE 22.2 miles

3450 HILLCREST AVE
ANTIOCH, CA 94531
Categories: ANTIOCH CA

580 MARKET ST STE 100 22.3 miles

580 MARKET ST STE 100
SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94104
Categories: SAN FRANCISCO CA

1125 SIR FRANCIS DRAKE BLVD STE N 22.3 miles

1125 SIR FRANCIS DRAKE BLVD STE N
KENTFIELD, CA 94904
Categories: KENTFIELD CA

24 WILLIE MAYS PLZ 22.5 miles

24 WILLIE MAYS PLZ
SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107
Categories: SAN FRANCISCO CA

900 HYDE ST 22.8 miles

900 HYDE ST
SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94109
Categories: SAN FRANCISCO CA

418 DAVIS ST STE B 23.1 miles

418 DAVIS ST STE B
VACAVILLE, CA 95688
Categories: VACAVILLE CA

770 Mason St, 23.1 miles

770 Mason St,
Vacaville, CA 95688
Categories: Vacaville CA

770 MASON ST 23.1 miles

770 MASON ST
VACAVILLE, CA 95688
Categories: VACAVILLE CA

13939 E 14TH ST 23.2 miles

13939 E 14TH ST
SAN LEANDRO, CA 94578
Categories: SAN LEANDRO CA

4501 SAND CREEK RD 23.3 miles

4501 SAND CREEK RD
ANTIOCH, CA 94531
Categories: ANTIOCH CA

601 VAN NESS AVE Ste 2008 23.4 miles

601 VAN NESS AVE Ste 2008
SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94102
Categories: SAN FRANCISCO CA

1555 DOOLITTLE DR STE 180 23.4 miles

1555 DOOLITTLE DR STE 180
SAN LEANDRO, CA 94577
Categories: SAN LEANDRO CA

347 ANDRIEUX ST 23.5 miles

347 ANDRIEUX ST
SONOMA, CA 95476
Categories: SONOMA CA

2 CONNECTICUT ST STE 1 23.5 miles

2 CONNECTICUT ST STE 1
SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107
Categories: SAN FRANCISCO CA

2300 SUTTER ST STE 102 23.8 miles

2300 SUTTER ST STE 102
SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94115
Categories: SAN FRANCISCO CA

2201 Post St, 23.8 miles

2201 Post St,
San Francisco, CA 94115
Categories: San Francisco CA

2587 MERCED ST 23.9 miles

2587 MERCED ST
SAN LEANDRO, CA 94577
Categories: SAN LEANDRO CA

1000 NUT TREE RD 24.0 miles

1000 NUT TREE RD
VACAVILLE, CA 95687
Categories: VACAVILLE CA

Castro & Duboce St, South Tower Ste 160A 24.1 miles

Castro & Duboce St, South Tower Ste 160A
SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94114
Categories: SAN FRANCISCO CA

2198 15th St, 24.6 miles

2198 15th St,
San Francisco, CA 94114
Categories: San Francisco CA

20400 Lake Chabot Rd Ste 101, 24.7 miles

20400 Lake Chabot Rd Ste 101,
Castro Valley, CA 94546
Categories: Castro Valley CA

Urine drug testing is the most common and customizable screening method available in the drug testing world. Many times, drug tests are ordered from companies, courts, or individuals without knowing what drug panel is needing to be analyzed.

The most common drug panel options include the 5,10, 12, 14 and 17 panel drug tests but we also offer specialized and customized panels based on your specific need and we are here to discuss exactly what is tested in each type of drug test panel.

Urine or Hair Drug Testing in Benicia, CA - You Choose!

The detection period for a urine drug test is 1-5 days. However, hair drug testing is becoming more common because the detection period for a standard hair test can be up to 90 days. You must have at least an inch and a half of hair (1.5 inches) on your head or body hair may be used when conducting a hair drug test.

Facts About 10 Panel Drug Test

  • The most cost-effective option in the workplace
  • Most common and customizable screening method
  • Detects recent drug use
  • Available in instant or lab based testing options

Remember that many opioid addictions lead to further drug use, including heroin, so you may find that a standard 5 and 10 panel is not fulfilling your needs. In this case, consider a 12-panel drug test, which tests for additional opiates and painkillers that would not show up on a test with fewer panels.

A urine drug test detects recent drug use and is currently the only testing method that is approved for federally mandated drug testing.(5 panel DOT drug Test) Urine testing is appropriate for all testing reasons, from pre-employment to random to post-accident - and can be performed for a wide range of illicit and prescription drugs.

What drug are tested for in a 10 Panel Drug Test?

The drugs tested in a10 panel urine drug test include:

  • Amphetamines
  • Barbiturates
  • Benzodiazepines
  • Cocaine
  • Marijuana
  • MDA
  • Methadone
  • Methaqualone
  • Opiates
  • PCP
  • Propoxyphene

The standard 10 panel drug test is typically collected at a collection site and analyzed at a SAMHSA Certified Laboratory. If you need a rapid results test, the 10 panel is available for a rapid result in most areas Nationwide. Results for a rapid results test are typically available the same business day (for negative results) and if a non-negative result exist, we send the specimen to the lab to perform confirmation testing at no additional charge.

What is a drug test?

A drug test is a technical analysis of a biological specimen such as urine, hair, blood, breath, finger nail and oral fluid/saliva. The common procedure for a drug test is to have a donor provide a specimen to a drug testing collection specialist, complete a chain of custody form and then the collector will send by carrier the specimen to a laboratory for analysis and a determination if the specimen is negative or positive. Although there many laboratories in the United States which provide drug testing analysis, it is recommended that only a laboratory that is SAMHSA Certified is to be used when determining a drug testing result.

Does passive smoke inhalation cause a false positive for marijuana?

"Passive" smoke inhalation from being in a room with people smoking marijuana is not considered valid, as the cut-off concentrations for lab analysis are set well above that which might occur for passive inhalation.

Other abnormalities in the urine screen may indicate that results may be a false negative or that there was deliberate adulteration of the sample. For example:

  • a low creatinine lab value can indicate that a urine sample was tampered with; either the subject diluted their urine by consuming excessive water just prior to testing, or water was added to the urine sample.
  • creatinine levels are often used in conjunction with specific gravity to determine if samples have been diluted. To help avoid this problem, the testing lab may color the water in their toilet blue to prevent the sample being diluted with water from the toilet.
  • subjects may also attempt to add certain enzymes to the urine sample to affect stability, but this often changes the pH, which is also tested.

How long do drugs stay in your system?

The window of detection or often times referred to as look back period of a drug test depend on several factors. Some of the factors impacting how long a drug will stay in your system are:

  • The amount of the drug taken
  • The frequency of the drug taken
  • The type of drug taken
  • An individual's body metabolic rate and general health
  • The amount of fluids consumed since ingesting the drug
  • The amount of exercise since ingesting the drug
  • Other genetic variations that would impact an individual's response to a specific drug

In the case of life-threatening symptoms, unconsciousness, or bizarre behavior in an emergency situation, screening for common drugs and toxins may help find the cause, called a toxicology test or tox screen to denote the broader area of possible substances beyond just self-administered drugs. These tests can also be done post-mortem during an autopsy in cases where a death was not expected. The test is usually done within 96 h (4 days) after the desire for the test is realized. Both a urine sample and a blood sample may be tested.

ADT offers 10 panel urine drug tests in Benicia, CA.
Don't see your location, call us today at (800) 221-4291 (800) 221-4291

Benicia Drug Testing locations

To schedule a 5, 10, 12, 14 or 17 panel urine or hair drug test at a testing center in Benicia CA, please call (800) 221-4291 or schedule online.

Local Benicia Information

Local Area Info: Benicia, California

Benicia (/b??ni???/ b?-NEE-sh?; b?-NI-sh?; Spanish pronunciation: [be?nisja]) is a waterside city in Solano County, California, located in the North Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. It served as the state capital for nearly thirteen months from 1853 to 1854. The population was 26,997 at the 2010 census. The city is located along the north bank of the Carquinez Strait. Benicia is just east of Vallejo and across the strait from Martinez. Elizabeth Patterson has served as Mayor of Benicia since 2007.

The town is divided into four areas: the East Side (east of First Street), the West Side (west of First Street), Southampton (north of 780), and the industrial park. Most of the town's older homes are on the east and west sides. Southampton contains primarily single-family housing developments and condominiums, most of which were built between 1970 and 2000. The East Side includes the Benicia Arsenal, a former United States Army armory, which was bought by the city and is now used for a variety of purposes, most notably as live-work spaces for artists. The Arsenal is home to several historic (ca. 1860) landmark buildings such as The Clock Tower, the Camel Barn, and the Jefferson Street Mansion. The industrial park lies to the northeast of the residential areas of the city, and includes the Valero oil refinery. The Benicia State Recreation Area is on the far west edge of the city.

The main retail area in Benicia is First Street, which attracts out-of-town antique and boutique shoppers and those seeking small-town, historic charm. In 1987 Benicia was selected to participate in the California Main Street Program.

Show Regional Data

Population (male): 13,766

Median Age: 45.0 years

Poverty (overall): Percentage of residents living in poverty in 2017: 7.2%

Poverty (breakdown): (5.6% for White Non-Hispanic residents, 14.2% for Black residents, 6.9% for Hispanic or Latino residents, 47.6% for American Indian residents, 21.3% for Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander residents, 13.5% for other race residents, 9.7% for two or more races residents)

Sex Offenders: According to our research of California and other state lists, there were 8 registered sex offenders living in Benicia, California as of January 15, 2021. The ratio of all residents to sex offenders in Benicia is 3,558 to 1.The ratio of registered sex offenders to all residents in this city is much

Ancestries: Ancestries: German (6.8%), Irish (6.7%), English (4.9%), Italian (4.4%), American (3.4%), European (3.3%).

Elevation: 33 feet

Land Area: 12.9 square miles.

Population Density:

Zip Codes: 94510, 94591

Connections to Benicia include Interstate 680 from Martinez to the south and Cordelia Junction (Fairfield) to the north, and Interstate 780, Columbus Parkway, and other local roads from Vallejo to the west. Amtrak also runs past the city north towards Sacramento, but the nearest train station lies in Martinez across the Carquinez Strait. Railroad tracks carrying Amtrak and Union Pacific Railroad lines cross the strait alongside the Benicia–Martinez Bridge.