Valley Park, MO Facts, Population, Income, Demographics, Economy

Population (total): Population in 2017: 6,902 (100% urban, 0% rural). >Population change since 2000: +5.9%

Population (female): 3,489

Median Age: 36.3 years

Poverty (breakdown): (6.8% for White Non-Hispanic residents, 89.2% for Black residents, 29.3% for Hispanic or Latino residents, 100.0% for other race residents)

Sex Offenders: According to our research of Missouri and other state lists, there were 9 registered sex offenders living in Valley Park, Missouri as of January 15, 2021. The ratio of all residents to sex offenders in Valley Park is 771 to 1.The ratio of registered sex offenders to all residents in this city is lo

Elevation: 421 feet

Zip Codes: 63088

In 1894, the town became the site of the first lynching in St. Louis County. A black man named John Buckner was lynched when accused of raping a local black woman and a white teenager. He was taken from the authorities by several local residents and farmers and hanged from the main bridge in town overlooking the Meramec River. The lynchers were never prosecuted.

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Recognitions and Certifications

Accredited Drug Testing has been recognized as one of the "Top 10 drug testing companies" for excellent customer service and we have received TPA Accreditation from the National Drug and Alcohol Screening Association. We are active in all drug testing industry associations and our staff are trained and certified as drug and alcohol testing specialists.

Important Links

National Drug and Alcohol Screening Association (https://ndasa.com/)

National Drug Free Workplace Alliance (https://www.ndwa.org/)

Substance Abuse Program Administrators Association (https://www.sapaa.com/)

Substance Abuse Mental Health Safety Administration (https://www.samhsa.gov/)

US Drug Enforcement Administration (https://www.dea.gov/)

Office of Drug alcohol Policy Control (https://www.transportation.gov/odapc)

Valley Park, MO Locations

Employment, DOT, Court Ordered, Probation, School, Family

Multiple Testing Centers In Valley Park, MO

Scheduling a test is Fast and Easy, call our scheduling department or schedule your test online 24/7

* You must register by phone or online to receive your donor pass/registration prior to proceeding to the testing center.

Industry Partners

Valley Park, MO Testing Locations

(Don't see a location near you, call 800-221-4291)

128 MATRIX COMMONS DR 2.3 miles

128 MATRIX COMMONS DR
FENTON, MO 63026
Categories: FENTON MO

508 OLD SMIZER MILL RD 3.0 miles

508 OLD SMIZER MILL RD
FENTON, MO 63026
Categories: FENTON MO

13610 BARRETT OFFICE DR STE 100 3.3 miles

13610 BARRETT OFFICE DR STE 100
MANCHESTER, MO 63021
Categories: MANCHESTER MO

714 GRAVOIS RD Ste 100 3.6 miles

714 GRAVOIS RD Ste 100
FENTON, MO 63026
Categories: FENTON MO

1050 OLD DES PERES RD STE 100 4.2 miles

1050 OLD DES PERES RD STE 100
SAINT LOUIS, MO 63131
Categories: SAINT LOUIS MO

1000 Des Peres Road Suite 200 4.2 miles

1000 Des Peres Road Suite 200
St. Louis, MO 63131
Categories: St. Louis MO

455 S KIRKWOOD RD 5.0 miles

455 S KIRKWOOD RD
KIRKWOOD, MO 63122
Categories: KIRKWOOD MO

15620 MANCHESTER RD 5.3 miles

15620 MANCHESTER RD
ELLISVILLE, MO 63011
Categories: ELLISVILLE MO

10296 BIG BEND RD Ste 110 5.3 miles

10296 BIG BEND RD Ste 110
SAINT LOUIS, MO 63122
Categories: SAINT LOUIS MO

15421 CLAYTON RD STE 301 5.8 miles

15421 CLAYTON RD STE 301
BALLWIN, MO 63011
Categories: BALLWIN MO

233 CLARKSON RD 6.1 miles

233 CLARKSON RD
ELLISVILLE, MO 63011
Categories: ELLISVILLE MO

10010 KENNERLY RD 6.8 miles

10010 KENNERLY RD
SAINT LOUIS, MO 63128
Categories: SAINT LOUIS MO

12345 W BEND DR 6.9 miles

12345 W BEND DR
SAINT LOUIS, MO 63128
Categories: SAINT LOUIS MO

9950 Kennerly Rd, 6.9 miles

9950 Kennerly Rd,
Saint Louis, MO 63128
Categories: Saint Louis MO

615 S NEW BALLAS RD 7.0 miles

615 S NEW BALLAS RD
SAINT LOUIS, MO 63141
Categories: SAINT LOUIS MO

28 RONNIES PLZ 7.2 miles

28 RONNIES PLZ
SAINT LOUIS, MO 63126
Categories: SAINT LOUIS MO

224 S WOODS MILL RD STE 360 S MED BLDG 7.4 miles

224 S WOODS MILL RD STE 360 S MED BLDG
CHESTERFIELD, MO 63017
Categories: CHESTERFIELD MO

13303 TESSON FERRY RD 7.4 miles

13303 TESSON FERRY RD
SAINT LOUIS, MO 63128
Categories: SAINT LOUIS MO

8730 BIG BEND BLVD STE A 7.6 miles

8730 BIG BEND BLVD STE A
SAINT LOUIS, MO 63119
Categories: SAINT LOUIS MO

9556 MANCHESTER RD 8.1 miles

9556 MANCHESTER RD
SAINT LOUIS, MO 63119
Categories: SAINT LOUIS MO

98 The Legends Pkwy Ste 108, 8.3 miles

98 The Legends Pkwy Ste 108,
Eureka, MO 63025
Categories: Eureka MO

623 W. 5TH STREET 8.5 miles

623 W. 5TH STREET
EUREKA, MO 63025
Categories: EUREKA MO

16091 SWINGLEY RIDGE RD STE 150 8.5 miles

16091 SWINGLEY RIDGE RD STE 150
CHESTERFIELD, MO 63017
Categories: CHESTERFIELD MO

8300 VALCOUR AVE 8.6 miles

8300 VALCOUR AVE
SAINT LOUIS, MO 63123
Categories: SAINT LOUIS MO

11700 STUDT AVE 8.7 miles

11700 STUDT AVE
CREVE COEUR, MO 63141
Categories: CREVE COEUR MO

747 N NEW BALLAS ROAD 8.7 miles

747 N NEW BALLAS ROAD
CREVE COEUR, MO 63141
Categories: CREVE COEUR MO

1066 EXECUTIVE PARKWAY DR STE 200 8.8 miles

1066 EXECUTIVE PARKWAY DR STE 200
SAINT LOUIS, MO 63141
Categories: SAINT LOUIS MO

11550 OLIVE BLVD 8.9 miles

11550 OLIVE BLVD
SAINT LOUIS, MO 63141
Categories: SAINT LOUIS MO

120 KENRICK PLZ 9.2 miles

120 KENRICK PLZ
SAINT LOUIS, MO 63119
Categories: SAINT LOUIS MO

2900 LEMAY FERRY RD STE 101 10.0 miles

2900 LEMAY FERRY RD STE 101
SAINT LOUIS, MO 63125
Categories: SAINT LOUIS MO

17300 N Outer 40 Ste 104, 10.3 miles

17300 N Outer 40 Ste 104,
Chesterfield, MO 63005
Categories: Chesterfield MO

11501 PAGE SERVICE DR 10.3 miles

11501 PAGE SERVICE DR
SAINT LOUIS, MO 63146
Categories: SAINT LOUIS MO

1868 CRAIGSHIRE RD 10.4 miles

1868 CRAIGSHIRE RD
SAINT LOUIS, MO 63146
Categories: SAINT LOUIS MO

6555 CHIPPEWA ST STE 100 10.6 miles

6555 CHIPPEWA ST STE 100
SAINT LOUIS, MO 63109
Categories: SAINT LOUIS MO

225 S MERAMEC AVE STE 305 10.7 miles

225 S MERAMEC AVE STE 305
CLAYTON, MO 63105
Categories: CLAYTON MO

17838 CHESTERFIELD AIRPORT RD 10.9 miles

17838 CHESTERFIELD AIRPORT RD
CHESTERFIELD, MO 63005
Categories: CHESTERFIELD MO

2321 MCCAUSLAND AVE STE B 10.9 miles

2321 MCCAUSLAND AVE STE B
SAINT LOUIS, MO 63143
Categories: SAINT LOUIS MO

3613 RICHARDSON SQUARE STE 300 11.1 miles

3613 RICHARDSON SQUARE STE 300
ARNOLD, MO 63010
Categories: ARNOLD MO

3619 RICHARDSON SQUARE DR 11.2 miles

3619 RICHARDSON SQUARE DR
ARNOLD, MO 63010
Categories: ARNOLD MO

83 PROGRESS PKWY 11.3 miles

83 PROGRESS PKWY
MARYLAND HEIGHTS, MO 63043
Categories: MARYLAND HEIGHTS MO

642 Clayton Rd. 11.4 miles

642 Clayton Rd.
Saint Louis, MO 63117
Categories: Saint Louis MO

6542 MANCHESTER AVE 11.5 miles

6542 MANCHESTER AVE
SAINT LOUIS, MO 63139
Categories: SAINT LOUIS MO

2348 HAMPTON AVE 12.0 miles

2348 HAMPTON AVE
SAINT LOUIS, MO 63139
Categories: SAINT LOUIS MO

2331 HAMPTON AVE 12.0 miles

2331 HAMPTON AVE
SAINT LOUIS, MO 63139
Categories: SAINT LOUIS MO

5000 MANCHESTER AVE 13.2 miles

5000 MANCHESTER AVE
SAINT LOUIS, MO 63110
Categories: SAINT LOUIS MO

40 N Kingshighway, 13.9 miles

40 N Kingshighway,
Saint Louis, MO 63108
Categories: Saint Louis MO

3446 MCKELVEY RD 14.2 miles

3446 MCKELVEY RD
BRIDGETON, MO 63044
Categories: BRIDGETON MO

3440 DePaul Lane Ste. 208, 14.4 miles

3440 DePaul Lane Ste. 208,
Bridgeton, MO 63044
Categories: Bridgeton MO

2101 COLLIER CORPORATE PKWY 14.5 miles

2101 COLLIER CORPORATE PKWY
SAINT CHARLES, MO 63303
Categories: SAINT CHARLES MO

1051 WOLFRUM RD 14.9 miles

1051 WOLFRUM RD
SAINT CHARLES, MO 63304
Categories: SAINT CHARLES MO

3100 Market St 15.5 miles

3100 Market St
SAINT LOUIS, MO 63103
Categories: SAINT LOUIS MO

1794 ZUMBEHL RD 15.8 miles

1794 ZUMBEHL RD
SAINT CHARLES, MO 63303
Categories: SAINT CHARLES MO

50 MONROE ST 16.2 miles

50 MONROE ST
SAINT CHARLES, MO 63301
Categories: SAINT CHARLES MO

2621 RAYMOND DR 16.4 miles

2621 RAYMOND DR
SAINT CHARLES, MO 63301
Categories: SAINT CHARLES MO

1405 JUNGERMANN RD STE B 16.5 miles

1405 JUNGERMANN RD STE B
SAINT PETERS, MO 63376
Categories: SAINT PETERS MO

1720 OLIVE ST 16.5 miles

1720 OLIVE ST
SAINT LOUIS, MO 63103
Categories: SAINT LOUIS MO

400 N TUCKER BLVD 16.9 miles

400 N TUCKER BLVD
SAINT LOUIS, MO 63101
Categories: SAINT LOUIS MO

State Highway 76 & State Highway Lower Level Claybough Plaza Ma 16.9 miles

State Highway 76 & State Highway Lower Level Claybough Plaza Ma
Branson West, MO 65737
Categories: Branson West MO

119 CHURCH ST STE 223 17.0 miles

119 CHURCH ST STE 223
FERGUSON, MO 63135
Categories: FERGUSON MO

916 OLIVE STREET, UNIT 2 17.0 miles

916 OLIVE STREET, UNIT 2
SAINT LOUIS, MO 63101
Categories: SAINT LOUIS MO

60 GAILWOOD DR STE B 17.0 miles

60 GAILWOOD DR STE B
SAINT PETERS, MO 63376
Categories: SAINT PETERS MO

4101 Mexico Rd Ste E, 17.2 miles

4101 Mexico Rd Ste E,
Saint Peters, MO 63376
Categories: Saint Peters MO

7220 N LINDBERGH BLVD #STE 250-60 CARGO BAY BLDG 17.3 miles

7220 N LINDBERGH BLVD #STE 250-60 CARGO BAY BLDG
HAZELWOOD, MO 63042
Categories: HAZELWOOD MO

637 DUNN RD STE 100 17.4 miles

637 DUNN RD STE 100
HAZELWOOD, MO 63042
Categories: HAZELWOOD MO

637 Dunn Rd Ste 135 17.4 miles

637 Dunn Rd Ste 135
Hazelwood, MO 63042
Categories: Hazelwood MO

637 DUNN RD STE 155 17.4 miles

637 DUNN RD STE 155
HAZELWOOD, MO 63042
Categories: HAZELWOOD MO

205 FIRST EXECUTIVE AVENUE 17.6 miles

205 FIRST EXECUTIVE AVENUE
SAINT PETERS, MO 63376
Categories: SAINT PETERS MO

463 LYNN HAVEN LN 17.7 miles

463 LYNN HAVEN LN
HAZELWOOD, MO 63042
Categories: HAZELWOOD MO

300 SAINT PETERS CENTRE BLVD STE 150 17.8 miles

300 SAINT PETERS CENTRE BLVD STE 150
St. Peters, MO 63376
Categories: St. Peters MO

8340 N BROADWAY 18.1 miles

8340 N BROADWAY
SAINT LOUIS, MO 63147
Categories: SAINT LOUIS MO

107 PIPER HILL DR STE 100 ST. PETERS CARE CENTER 18.3 miles

107 PIPER HILL DR STE 100 ST. PETERS CARE CENTER
SAINT PETERS, MO 63376
Categories: SAINT PETERS MO

2967 HIGHWAY K 18.7 miles

2967 HIGHWAY K
O FALLON, MO 63368
Categories: O FALLON MO

7706 WAGNER RD 18.8 miles

7706 WAGNER RD
MILLSTADT, IL 62260
Categories: MILLSTADT IL

4 ABINGTON CT 19.0 miles

4 ABINGTON CT
ST. PETERS, MO 63376
Categories: ST. PETERS MO

400 FOUNTAIN LAKES BLVD 19.3 miles

400 FOUNTAIN LAKES BLVD
ST CHARLES, MO 63301
Categories: ST CHARLES MO

2880 NETHERTON, STE 101 19.7 miles

2880 NETHERTON, STE 101
SAINT LOUIS, MO 63136
Categories: SAINT LOUIS MO

300 WINDING WOODS DR STE 100 19.7 miles

300 WINDING WOODS DR STE 100
O FALLON, MO 63366
Categories: O FALLON MO

1901 TRADE CENTER DR 19.7 miles

1901 TRADE CENTER DR
SAINT PETERS, MO 63376
Categories: SAINT PETERS MO

5551 WINGHAVEN BLVD STE 100 19.8 miles

5551 WINGHAVEN BLVD STE 100
O FALLON, MO 63368
Categories: O FALLON MO

10716 New Halls Ferry Rd, 20.2 miles

10716 New Halls Ferry Rd,
Florissant, MO 63033
Categories: Florissant MO

10585 BUSINESS 21 20.7 miles

10585 BUSINESS 21
HILLSBORO, MO 63050
Categories: HILLSBORO MO

2044 MADISON AVE Ste G-4 21.4 miles

2044 MADISON AVE Ste G-4
GRANITE CITY, IL 62040
Categories: GRANITE CITY IL

2044 MADISON AVE STE G1 21.4 miles

2044 MADISON AVE STE G1
GRANITE CITY, IL 62040
Categories: GRANITE CITY IL

2100 MADISON AVE 21.5 miles

2100 MADISON AVE
GRANITE CITY, IL 62040
Categories: GRANITE CITY IL

3701 NAMEOKI RD STE E 23.4 miles

3701 NAMEOKI RD STE E
GRANITE CITY, IL 62040
Categories: GRANITE CITY IL

30 W HIGHWAY D STE 201 23.8 miles

30 W HIGHWAY D STE 201
NEW MELLE, MO 63365
Categories: NEW MELLE MO

509 HAMACHER ST STE 103 23.9 miles

509 HAMACHER ST STE 103
WATERLOO, IL 62298
Categories: WATERLOO IL

509 HAMACHER, STE 200B 23.9 miles

509 HAMACHER, STE 200B
WATERLOO, IL 62298
Categories: WATERLOO IL

509 Hamacher St Ste 201, 23.9 miles

509 Hamacher St Ste 201,
Waterloo, IL 62298
Categories: Waterloo IL

4700 NAMEOKI RD 24.5 miles

4700 NAMEOKI RD
GRANITE CITY, IL 62040
Categories: GRANITE CITY IL

3030 Frank Scott Pkwy W Ste 5, 24.7 miles

3030 Frank Scott Pkwy W Ste 5,
Belleville, IL 62223
Categories: Belleville IL

3316 W CHAIN OF ROCKS RD STE 1 24.7 miles

3316 W CHAIN OF ROCKS RD STE 1
GRANITE CITY, IL 62040
Categories: GRANITE CITY IL

Scheduling a test is Fast and Easy, call our scheduling department or schedule your test online 24/7

*You must register by phone or online to receive your donor pass/registration prior to proceeding to the testing center

Accredited Drug Testing has drug testing locations in most cities and towns throughout the United States. Providing drug testing, alcohol testing, DNA testing and other related services. Most testing centers are within minutes of your home or office. Same day service is available in most cases. To schedule a test please call our scheduling department at 1-800-221-4291 or you may schedule your test online utilizing your zip code in which you are located.

Employers - Accredited Drug Testing provides easy, convenient, confidential and cost-effective drug testing services, including pre-employment drug testing, random drug testing, post-accident drug testing and reasonable suspicion drug and alcohol testing. We can also assist you with the implementation of your drug free workplace program with drug policy development, supervisor training, employee education and on-going consultation. In many cases a company certified as a drug free workplace can receive discounts on their workers' compensation insurance premiums along with lowering employee absenteeism, enhancing workplace safety and improving employee morale. To open a no cost employer drug testing account click here or call our office at 1-800-221-4291

Individuals - If you are an individual in need of a drug, alcohol or DNA test, Accredited Drug Testing is your one stop shopping for all your testing needs. Simply call our customer service staff at 1-800-221-4291 or you may register online. There is no need to open an account or be affiliated with any company. Accredited Drug Testing offers drug testing for personal, court ordered, probation, child custody or any other reason you may need! To schedule a test please call our scheduling department at 1-800-221-4291 or you may schedule your test online utilizing your zip code in which you are located.

Search Locations by State

Handy Resources

Comprehensive Online Resources for Drug Testing

  1. National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)

    Provides comprehensive information on drug testing and its role in substance use disorder treatment.

  2. FDA: Drug Testing

    Explains the FDA's role and regulations concerning drug testing for consumers.

  3. PDR.net

    Provides detailed drug information and safety updates through a mobile-friendly platform.

  4. BeSafeRx - FDA

    Resource by the FDA to help consumers identify and choose safe online pharmacies.

  5. SAMHSA: Drug Testing Resources for the Workplace

    Resources and guidelines for drug testing in the workplace.

  6. Drugs.com

    Provides drug information, side effects, and interactions for consumers and professionals.

  7. Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST)

    Online version of the DAST to help individuals assess whether they have a drug problem.

  8. Merck Manuals

    Consumer-friendly medical resource providing comprehensive information on a wide array of health topics, including drug testing.

  9. SAMHSA Store

    Provides access to resources and publications on substance use prevention and treatment.

  10. National Association of Boards of Pharmacy (NABP)

    Information on state boards of pharmacy and regulations, including those related to drug testing.

  11. CDC: Workplace Health Promotion

    CDC's resources on substance use and drug testing in the workplace.

  12. Mayo Clinic: Drug Testing

    General information about the procedures and types of drug tests.

  13. MedlinePlus: Drug Testing

    Offers information about various drug tests and their uses in medical diagnosis and treatment.

  14. University of Rochester Medical Center Health Encyclopedia

    Provides a detailed entry on drug testing, including how tests are conducted and what they detect.

  15. World Health Organization (WHO)

    International guidelines and information on public health, including substance abuse and drug testing.

  16. Healthline: Drug Testing

    Consumer health site offering information on how drug tests work and what they look for.

  17. WebMD: Drug Testing

    Provides a patient-oriented overview of drug testing and its purposes.

  18. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)

    Provides a vast database of scientific studies, including research on drug testing and its effectiveness.

AI Overview

Local Drug Testing Centers: A Comprehensive Guide

Local drug testing centers play a pivotal role in the enforcement of drug-free policies in workplaces, schools, and other institutions. They provide a necessary service for drug screening, ensuring public safety, enhancing workplace productivity, and contributing to overall community health. This guide covers the importance, services, and considerations involved in utilizing local drug testing centers.

Importance of Local Drug Testing Centers

Drug testing centers are crucial for identifying drug use and ensuring compliance with various legal and safety regulations. They help employers maintain a safe and productive work environment, assist law enforcement and legal professionals, and support health care providers in treating and advising patients on substance use.

Services Offered by Local Drug Testing Centers

  • Pre-Employment Screening: Testing potential employees to ensure they meet the employer's policies regarding drug use.
  • Random Drug Testing: Conducting unscheduled drug tests to deter drug use among employees or members of an organization.
  • Reasonable Suspicion Testing: Testing individuals who exhibit behaviors that suggest drug use, based on observed conditions explicitly articulated by trained supervisors.
  • Post-Accident Testing: Assessing employees for drug use after an accident to determine if drugs were a contributing factor to the incident.
  • Follow-Up Testing: Monitoring employees who have returned to work after participating in rehabilitation programs for substance use.

Choosing a Local Drug Testing Center

  1. Accreditation: Ensure the center is accredited by relevant health and safety authorities, indicating compliance with industry standards.
  2. Confidentiality: The center should uphold strict confidentiality policies to protect the privacy of individuals undergoing testing.
  3. Technology and Accuracy: Check that the center employs up-to-date technology and methodology for accurate and reliable testing results.

Benefits of Using Local Drug Testing Centers

Utilizing local drug testing centers offers numerous benefits:

  • Convenience: Local centers provide easy access for individuals and organizations, reducing the time and cost associated with travel.
  • Quick Results: Many local centers offer rapid results, which is critical for timely decision-making in employment and health care scenarios.
  • Support for Compliance: They assist organizations in complying with legal requirements and maintaining industry certifications and standards.

Local drug testing centers are essential for maintaining safe and compliant environments in various settings. By choosing a reputable and properly accredited center, organizations and individuals can rely on precise and efficient service to meet their drug testing needs.

Local Area Info: Valley Park, Missouri

Descendants of the Mississippian culture still had a settlement along the Meramec River in the mid-18th century, until the Native Americans were pushed out by colonial French and German immigrant farmers in the 1760s.[citation needed] The developing village over time was known as Nasby, Sulphur Springs, Quinette, Meramec, and finally Valley Park by circa 1890. It had one of the first post offices established in St. Louis County. It developed as a railroad hub for the Missouri Pacific and St. Louis-San Francisco rail lines.

In 1894, the town became the site of the first lynching in St. Louis County. A black man named John Buckner was lynched when accused of raping a local black woman and a white teenager. He was taken from the authorities by several local residents and farmers and hanged from the main bridge in town overlooking the Meramec River. The lynchers were never prosecuted.

However, Valley Park began to boom with development. It had railroads, the Meramec River, and what even then were considered main roads. Railroads played a big role in the town in the late 19th century and early 20th century. At the time, the St. Louis-San Francisco (Frisco) and Missouri Pacific served Valley Park; now it is Union Pacific and Burlington Northern Santa Fe. At one time, the Meramec River had barge traffic.

Show Regional Data

Population (total): Population in 2017: 6,902 (100% urban, 0% rural). >Population change since 2000: +5.9%

Population (female): 3,489

Median Age: 36.3 years

Poverty (breakdown): (6.8% for White Non-Hispanic residents, 89.2% for Black residents, 29.3% for Hispanic or Latino residents, 100.0% for other race residents)

Sex Offenders: According to our research of Missouri and other state lists, there were 9 registered sex offenders living in Valley Park, Missouri as of January 15, 2021. The ratio of all residents to sex offenders in Valley Park is 771 to 1.The ratio of registered sex offenders to all residents in this city is lo

Elevation: 421 feet

Zip Codes: 63088

In 1894, the town became the site of the first lynching in St. Louis County. A black man named John Buckner was lynched when accused of raping a local black woman and a white teenager. He was taken from the authorities by several local residents and farmers and hanged from the main bridge in town overlooking the Meramec River. The lynchers were never prosecuted.