Urine| Hair Follicle | Oral Fluid | Blood | ETG
Hair testing has emerged as an effective method for identifying drug and alcohol consumption. Hair captures a prolonged record of alcohol and drugs by encapsulating biomarkers within the fibers of the developing hair strand. When gathered near the scalp, hair can offer a detection timeframe of up to around three months for alcohol and other drugs. Hair is easy to collect, moderately challenging to tamper with, and simple to send.
A 1.5-inch segment consisting of about 200 hair strands (approximately the diameter of a #2 pencil) closest to the scalp will yield 100mg of hair, which is the optimal amount for evaluation and validation. For EtG, additional tests, and/or screenings beyond 10 panels, 150mg of the sample is suggested. Utilizing a jeweler's scale for measuring the sample is advised. If scalp hair isn't accessible, a comparable volume of body hair can be collected. Reference to head hair pertains solely to scalp hair. Body hair encompasses other hair categories (facial, axillary, etc.).
Process Overview
The four primary phases in laboratory processing of a drug testing result include Accessioning, Screening, Extraction, and Confirmation.
Accessioning pertains to the preliminary processing of a specimen within a laboratory's framework. It involves verifying sample sealing and correct shipping, allocating a random LAN (Laboratory Accessioning Number), and finalizing any essential data input absent in an electronic chain of custody system.
Screening facilitates a preliminary swift examination for drug misuse. Although Screening is a cost-efficient approach to exclude drug usage for most specimens, a positive finding requires confirmation for court acceptability. Any samples that test presumptively positive in Screening necessitate secondary validation.
Upon a presumptive positive result during the Screening phase, additional hair is extracted from the initial sample and prepped for Extraction. During this process, drugs are extracted from hair at significantly lower concentrations than other approaches (e.g. urine or oral fluid), signifying hair drug screening as the most labor-intensive methodology.
Confirmation of all positive screening outcomes is performed via GC/MS, GC/MS/MS, or LC/MS/MS. All presumed positive specimens undergo a cleansing process prior to confirmation if needed. The entire laboratory workflow from Accessioning to Confirmation is inspected per both the CAP (College of American Pathologists) Hair designation and ISO / IEC 17025 standards accreditation.
Advantages of hair drug testing:
Limitations:
Note: Although often termed "hair follicle tests", the evaluation itself examines the hair strand and not the follicle beneath the scalp.
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