Urine| Hair Follicle | Oral Fluid | Blood | ETG
Recognized as an effective method for detecting drug and alcohol usage, hair analysis offers a comprehensive timeline by embedding biomarkers within the structure of growing hair strands. When sourced near the scalp, hair can reveal substance use with up to a three-month detection period. Collection is straightforward, tampering is challenging, and transportation is uncomplicated.
A sample measuring 1.5 inches comprising roughly 200 hair strands (comparable to a #2 pencil in width) near the scalp yields 100mg of hair, the perfect quantity for both initial screening and subsequent confirmation. For tests involving EtG, additional panels, or exceeding 10 panels, 150mg of hair is advisable. Utilizing a jeweler’s scale to weigh the sample is recommended. In the absence of scalp hair, a comparable amount of body hair is an acceptable substitute. References to head hair pertain solely to scalp hair, whereas body hair encompasses all non-scalp hair (facial, axillary, etc.).
Process Overview
The laboratory analysis for a drug test result encompasses main stages: Accessioning, Screening, Extraction, and Confirmation.
During Accessioning, a sample is initially integrated into the lab’s system. The process verifies proper sealing and shipping of the sample, assigns a unique LAN (Laboratory Accessioning Number), and finalizes any supplementary data entry absent in an electronic chain of custody system.
In the Screening phase, a preliminary check is conducted for the presence of abused drugs. Although Screening is an affordable approach to eliminate drug use suspicions in most samples, a positive result necessitates confirmation for legal admissibility. Presumptively positive screenings must undergo secondary confirmation.
Should Screening suggest a presumptive positive, additional hair is collected from the initial sample for Extraction. Here, drugs are isolated from the hair in significantly lower concentrations compared to other methods (e.g., urine or oral fluid), which is why hair drug screening is the most intricate to execute.
Positive results from Screening enter Confirmation via GC/MS, GC/MS/MS, or LC/MS/MS techniques. Before confirmation, necessary, presumptively positive samples undergo a washing process. The full laboratory workflow from Accessioning to Confirmation is evaluated per CAP (College of American Pathologists) Hair designation alongside ISO / IEC 17025 accreditation standards.
Advantages of hair drug testing:
Limitations:
Note: Although commonly termed as "hair follicle tests", the analysis targets the hair strand rather than the follicle beneath the scalp.
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