Federal Motor Carriers Safety Administration (FMCSA)
Same Day Service - Local FMCSA Drug Testing Centers
FMCSA Services
- FMCSA Drug Testing
- FMCSA Alcohol Testing
- FMCSA Consortium/Random Testing Enrollment
- DOT Physicals
- FMCSA Clearinghouse Services
- FMCSA Policy Development
The Federal
Motor Carriers Safety Administration was a result of the Carrier Safety
Improvement Act of 1999. The passing of
this act created FMCSA, which on January 1, 2000, established the FMCSA
was as a separate operating division within the United States Department of
Transportation (DOT).
The FMCSA is
headquartered in Washington, DC, and with a staff of more than 1,000 people in
all 50 States and the District of Columbia and is the Federal Agency taking the
initiative for regulating, providing safety and oversight of commercial motor
vehicles (CMVs), improving the safety of commercial motor vehicles (CMV) and
saving lives.
FMCSA Mission
- Reduce crashes,
- Reduce injuries, and
- Reduce fatalities involving large trucks and buses.
In 1991, the United States Congress passed the Omnibus Transpiration Employee Testing Act, which required DOT agencies to implement drug and alcohol testing for all safety-sensitive transportation employees. Congress recognized the need for a drug and alcohol-free transportation industry, and thus 49 CFR Part 40, commonly referred to as Part 40 was established as a DOT-wide regulation that provides guidance on:
- Who is subject to testing
- How to conduct testing and
- How to return employees to safety-sensitive duties after they violate a DOT drug and alcohol regulation.
49 CFR Part 40 provides guidance on all
DOT-required drug and alcohol testing, regardless of the mode of transportation.
For example, whether you are an airline pilot covered by FAA rules or a driver
for a trucking company covered by FMCSA rules, Part 40 outlines the specific
procedures for collection, testing of specimens and reporting of test results. Each DOT Agency-specific regulation defines who is
subject to testing, when and in what situations for a particular
that specific transportation industry.
The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration
(FMCSA) and 49 CFR Part 40 has defined drug and alcohol testing rules and
regulations for employees who drive commercial trucks and buses that require a
commercial driver's license (CDL). These regulations identify who is subject to
testing, when they are tested and in what situations. The regulations also require
privacy protections and restrictions on employers and service agents against
the use and release of sensitive drug and alcohol testing information.
On January 6, 2020, the DMCSA Drug and Alcohol Clearinghouse House took effect. All FMCSA Employers to include owner-operators have specific requirements to comply with the Clearinghouse rule. Listed below is a summary of clearinghouse requirements.
How will employers use the FMCSA Clearinghouse?- Report drug and alcohol violations. This will include an alcohol test results with a concentration of .04 or greater, refusals to take an alcohol or drug test, as well as actual knowledge of a violation.
- Employers will also report negative return-to-duty (RTD) test results and the successful completion of a driver’s follow-up testing plan.
** Please note that the information above must be reported by the close of the third business day after the employer is informed
- Conduct pre-employment queries to check if prospective employees are prohibited from performing safety-sensitive functions, such as operating CMVs, due to an unresolved drug and alcohol program violation.
** Employers are also required to conduct queries on all current employees at least annually. All queries require driver consent.
- Until January 6, 2023 employers must conduct both electronic queries in the Clearinghouse and manual, offline inquiries to previous employers for pre-employment driver investigations.
How
will Owner-Operators Use The Clearinghouse?
Beginning
January 6, 2020 owner-operators will need to coordinate with their C/TPA(s) to
ensure the following requirements are met.
- Report drug and alcohol violations. This will include alcohol test results with a concentration of .04 or greater, refusals to take an alcohol or drug test, as well as actual knowledge of a violation
- Employers will also report negative return-to-duty (RTD) test results and the successful completion of a driver’s follow-up testing plan.
**
Owner-operators or C/TPAs may report violation information about other drivers
employed by the owner-operator. If an
owner operator commits a drug and alcohol program violation, this information
MUST BE reported by the C/TPA
** Please note that the information above must be reported by the close of the third business day after the employer or C/TPA is informed.
- Conduct pre-employment queries to check if prospective employees are prohibited from performing safety-sensitive functions, such as operating CMVs, due to an unresolved drug and alcohol program violation.
** Employers are also required to conduct queries on all current employees at least annually. All queries require driver consent.
- Until January 6, 2023 employers must conduct both electronic queries in the Clearinghouse and manual, offline inquiries to previous employers for pre-employment driver investigations.
For more information or to select ADT as your C/TPA click here to learn more about the clearinghouse services we offer
Who is covered under FMCSA DOT Drug and Alcohol Testing Regulations?
FEDERAL MOTOR
CARRIER SAFETY ADMIN (FMCSA) COVERED EMPLOYEES
Employees or
individuals who are working on public roads meeting the following criteria are
FMCSA “covered “employees.
These are
employees who:
1. Have a Commercial Driver’s License (CDL), or similar
license issued by Mexico or Canada, and
2. Operate a Commercial Motor Vehicle (CMV) in any
state:
a. A commercial motor vehicle (CMV) is then defined as
a vehicle:
i.
with a gross vehicle weight rating/gross
vehicle weight or gross combination weight rating/gross combination weight of
26,001 or more lbs., or
ii.
designed to carry 16 or more passengers
(including the driver), or
iii. of any size that is used to transport hazardous materials which require the vehicle to be placarded
FMCSA and DOT
Frequently Asked Questions?
Who is tested?
Typically all CDL drivers who operate
commercial motor vehicles are subject to the CDL requirements on the public
roadways in the United States and who are also performing safety-sensitive
functions are subject to DOT drug and alcohol testing under section (§382.103). This would also include all full-time, part-time,
intermittent, backup and international drivers.
When does testing occur?
The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration requires testing
under the following conditions:
- Pre-employment testing.
- Post-accident testing.
- Random Testing
- Reasonable suspicion testing.
- Return-to-duty testing.
- §382.311 Follow-up testing.
When in an FMCSA Pre-employment test required?
The FMCSA defines a Pre-employment test as prior to the first time
any driver performs safety-sensitive functions for any employer (this includes
a single owner operator). Part 40 states
that the driver shall undergo testing for controlled substances as a condition
of employment.
Furthermore, no employer shall allow a driver to perform
safety-sensitive functions unless the employer has received a negative controlled
substances test result from the MRO or C/TPA indicating a verified 5 panel DOT negative
test result for that driver.
Are there any exceptions to FMCSA pre-employment drug testing?
In short, yes, the following examples are permitted as exemptions
to the pre-employment drug testing requirement.
An employer is not required to administer a DOT pre-employment
drug testing if:
- The driver has participated in a controlled substance testing program that meets DOT requirements within the previous 30 days: and
- While participating in that program, either
a. Was tested for controlled substances within the past 6 months (from the date of the application with the employer); and
b. Participated in a DOT random drug and alcohol testing program for the previous 12 months (from the date of application with the employer); and
3. The employer ensures that no prior employer of
the driver of whom the employer has knowledge has records of a violation of
this part or the controlled substances use rule of another DOT agency within
the previous six months.
As an FMCSA regulated employer
and choose to utilize the above-referenced exception. Employers must contact the DOT controlled
substances testing program(s) in which the driver participates or participated
and shall obtain and retain from the testing program(s) the following
information:
·
Name
and address of the drug-testing program
·
Verification
that the driver participates or participated in the program(s).
·
Verification
that the program(s) conforms to part 40 of this title.
·
Verification
that the driver is qualified under the rules of this part, including that the
driver has not refused to be tested for controlled substances.
·
The
date the driver was last tested for controlled substances.
·
The
results of any tests taken within the previous six months and any other
violations of subpart B of this part.
Does FMCSA require a
pre-employment alcohol test?
The FMCSA doesn’t require a pre-employment
alcohol test; however, Employers may choose but are not required to, conduct
pre-employment alcohol testing under this part. On the other hand, if the employer chooses to conduct pre-employment alcohol testing, it must comply with
the following requirements:
1. An employer must conduct a pre-employment alcohol test before
the first performance of safety-sensitive functions by every covered
employee (whether a new employee or someone who has transferred to a
position involving the performance of safety-sensitive functions).
2. Employers must treat all safety-sensitive employees performing
safety-sensitive functions the same for the purpose of pre-employment alcohol
testing (for example, employers must not test some covered employees and
not others).
3. An employer must conduct the pre-employment alcohol tests
after making a contingent offer of employment or transfer, subject to the
employee passing the pre-employment alcohol test.
4. Conduct all pre-employment alcohol tests using the alcohol
testing procedures outlined in 49 CFR part 40 of this title.
5. You must not allow a covered employee to begin performing
safety-sensitive functions unless the result of the employee's test indicate
an alcohol concentration of less than 0.04.
For more information call us
today or purchase your pre-employment drug test online
What is FMCSA Post Accident Testing?
A Post-Accident drug/alcohol test must be conducted as soon
as possible following an occurrence involving a commercial motor vehicle
operating on a public road in commerce and each employer shall test for alcohol
for each of its surviving drivers:
1.
Who was performing safety-sensitive functions
with respect to the vehicle, if the accident involved the loss of human life;
or
2.
Who receives a citation within 8 hours of the
occurrence under State or local law for a moving traffic violation arising from
the accident, if the accident involved:
a.
Bodily injury to any person who, because of the
injury, immediately receives medical treatment away from the scene of the
accident; or
b.
One or more motor vehicles incurring disabling
damage as a result of the accident, requiring the motor vehicle to be
transported away from the scene by a tow truck or other motor vehicle.
Other scenarios triggering a post-accident drug testing
include:
1.
A driver who receives a citation within
thirty-two hours of the occurrence under State or local law for a moving
traffic violation arising from the accident, if the accident involved:
a.
Bodily injury to any person who, as a result of
the injury, immediately receives medical treatment away from the scene of the
accident; or
b.
One or more motor vehicles incurring disabling
damage as a result of the accident, requiring the motor vehicle to be
transported away from the scene by a tow truck or other motor vehicle.
** The following table notes when a post-accident test is
required to be conducted per DOT regulations.
Type
of accident involved |
Citation
issued to the CMV driver |
Test
must be performed by the employer |
i. Human fatality |
YES |
YES |
ii. Bodily injury with immediate
medical treatment away from the scene |
YES |
YES |
iii. Disabling damage to any motor
vehicle requiring tow away |
YES |
YES |
Types of Post-Accident Tests
1. Alcohol
tests: If an alcohol test is required by
this section and is not administered within two hours following the accident,
the employer shall prepare and maintain on file a record stating the reasons
the test was not promptly administered.
2. Furthermore,
if an alcohol test required by this section is not administered within
eight hours following the accident, the employer shall cease attempts
to administer an alcohol test and shall prepare and maintain the same record.
Records shall be submitted to the FMCSA upon request.
3. Controlled
substance tests. If a test required by this section is not administered within
32 hours following the accident, the employer shall cease attempts to
administer a controlled substance test and prepare and maintain on file a
record stating the reasons the test was not promptly administered and records
shall be submitted to the FMCSA upon request.
Any driver who is subject to post-accident testing shall
remain readily available for such testing or may be deemed by the employer to
have refused to submit to testing. Post-accident testing would not delay any
driver in receiving the proper or necessary emergency medical treatment.
What
is FMCSA Random Testing?
All CDL drivers
must be randomly tested throughout the year and an employer who employs only
himself/herself as a driver, who is not leased to a motor carrier, shall
implement a random testing program of two or more covered employees in the
random testing selection pool as a member of a consortium/random testing pool.
The
current rate for random drug and alcohol testing is:
50% of the average number of driver positions for Controlled Substances (5 panel DOT
urine)
10% of the
average number of diver positions for Breath Alcohol Testing (BAT)
How is
Random Testing Conducted?
§ Random selections of drivers for random alcohol and
controlled substances testing shall be made by a scientifically valid
method. For example,
o random number table or
o a computer-based random number generator that is
matched with drivers' Social Security numbers, payroll identification numbers,
or other comparable identifying numbers.
§ Each driver that is selected for random alcohol and
controlled substances testing must have an equal chance of being tested each
time selections are made.
§ Each driver selected for testing shall be tested
during the selection period.
§ Employers may use a service agent (e.g., a C/TPA) to
perform random selections and your covered drivers may be part of a larger
random testing pool (consortium) of covered employees.
Please note that
it is a good idea to validate that your c/TPA is currently selecting and
testing at the appropriate percentage established for your industry and that
only covered employees are in the random testing pool. (Currently, FMCSA tests
at a rate of 50% for drugs and 10% for alcohol). As the DER an employer must ensure that all
random testing is unannounced and that testing is spread reasonably throughout
the calendar year.
When a driver is
notified, employers must ensure that the driver immediately proceed to the
testing center.
If a driver is
selected for a random alcohol test, the alcohol test must be conducted just
before the driver is to perform safety-sensitive functions, or just after the driver has ceased performing such functions.
What is FMCSA Reasonable Suspicion Testing?
FMCSA Reasonable
suspicion testing was established to detect if drivers appear to be under the
influence of drugs or alcohol can be immediately tested. Employers must train CDL driver supervisors to
detect the symptoms of driver impairment. Listed below is a summary of the
FMCSA Supervisor training requirements. Click here to purchase your supervisor training course.
When Does
Reasonable Suspicion, Testing Occur?
Any driver/safety
sensitive regulated employee may be required to submit for a reasonable
suspicion/reasonable cause drug or alcohol testing when the employer has
reasonable suspicion to believe that the employee has violated the prohibitions
of subpart B of this part concerning alcohol or controlled substances.
1. For an employer to require the driver to
undergo an alcohol and/or controlled substances test, the basis must be based
on specific, contemporaneous, articulable observations concerning the
appearance, behavior, speech or body odors of the driver and/or indications of
the chronic and withdrawal effects of controlled substances.
2. The required observations for alcohol
and/or controlled substances reasonable suspicion testing shall be made by a
supervisor or company official who is trained in accordance with §382.603. The
person who makes the determination that reasonable suspicion exists to conduct
an alcohol test shall not conduct the alcohol test of the driver.
3. Alcohol testing is authorized by this
section only if the observations by the trained supervisor are made during,
just preceding, or just after the period of the workday when the driver is on
duty. A driver may be directed by the employer to only undergo reasonable
suspicion testing while the driver is performing safety-sensitive functions,
just before the driver is to perform safety-sensitive functions, or just after
the driver has ceased performing such functions.
§ If an alcohol test is required, it must be
administered within two
hours following the determination that the
employee was believed to be under the influence of alcohol. The employer must prepare and maintain on
file a record stating the reasons the alcohol test was not promptly
administered within the 2-hour requirement.
§ If an alcohol test required by this section and is not administered within eight hours following the determination, an employer shall stop any attempts to administer an alcohol test and shall state in the record the reasons for not administering the test within the required 8 hours.
Drivers are prohibited for from reporting for duty or remaining on duty requiring the performance of safety-sensitive functions while the driver is under the influence of or impaired by alcohol, which can be determined by the behavioral, speech, and performance indicators of alcohol misuse. Employers must not permit the driver to perform or continue to perform safety-sensitive functions, until:
§ A driver may not return to performing safety sensitive function until an alcohol test is administered and the driver's alcohol concentration measures less than 0.02; or
§ 24 hours have passed following the reasonable
suspicion determination was made with regards to alcohol.
5. All
observations must be documented which lead to a reasonable suspicion
drug/alcohol test and must be signed within 24 hours by the trained supervisor
who observed the behavior.
What
is Supervisor Training?
49 CFR 382.603 is the FMCSA regulation that requires supervisors
of commercial motor vehicle drivers who operate vehicles requiring a CDL to:
1. Take 60 minutes of training on the
symptoms of alcohol abuse and
2. 60 minutes of training on the symptoms of
controlled substances use (120 minutes in total).
The goal of this
training is to educate and assist supervisors to identify circumstances and
indicators that may create reasonable suspicion that a driver is using or under
the influence of alcohol or drugs, supporting referral of an employee for
testing.
** If you operate vehicles that require a CDL
on the public roads and you have more than one employee in the company, you are
required to get DOT Supervisor Training. To verify if you are subject to the
drug and alcohol regulations, please visit
http://www.dot.gov/odapc/am-i-covered
3. Owner-operators are not subject to DOT
supervisor training. However, you are still required to register with a
consortium for DOT drug and alcohol testing.
DOT Drug &
Alcohol Supervisor Training Guidance Flow Chart- Click Here
If you need to
be trained and certified for FMCSA required reasonable suspicion training, click here to register today
What
is Return to Duty Testing?
A return-to-duty
drug or alcohol test is required for all drivers who:
i.
Test positive,
ii.
Refuse to submit to a drug/alcohol test;
or
iii.
Violated any of the prohibitions of 49
CFR Part 382 Subpart B; and
iv.
An individual who has completed the
return-to-duty process with a DOT-qualified substance abuse professional.
All DOT return
to duty drug tests are directly observed, and a negative result is required
before resuming any safety sensitive duties.
** The requirements for return-to-duty testing
must be performed in accordance with 49 CFR part 40, subpart O.
What
is Subpart O
Subpart O refers
to the Substance Abuse Professionals (SAP) and the Return-to-Duty Process
Who is
qualified to be a SAP?
Under DOT regulations, an individual is permitted to act as a SAP in the DOT drug and alcohol testing program, if you must meet each of the requirements of this section:
SAP’s
must have the following Credentials:
1. You are a licensed physician (Doctor of Medicine or Osteopathy);
2. You are a licensed or certified social
worker;
3. You are a licensed or certified
psychologist;
4. You are a licensed or certified employee
assistance professional;
5. You are a state-licensed or certified
marriage and family therapist; or
6. You are a drug and alcohol counselor
certified by the National Association of Alcoholism and Drug Abuse Counselors
Certification Commission (NAADAC); or
7. by the International Certification
Reciprocity Consortium/Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse (ICRC); or by the National
Board for Certified Counselors, Inc. and Affiliates/Master Addictions Counselor
(NBCC).
When
is a SAP evaluation required?
A SAP is required when any safety “sensitive
employee” violates any DOT drug and alcohol regulations. Once the violation has occurred, the employee
must not perform any DOT safety-sensitive duties for any employer until he/she has
completed the SAP evaluation, referral, and education/treatment process set
forth in this subpart and in applicable DOT agency regulations.
What
is a violation of DOT Drug and Alcohol Regulations?
1. A verified positive DOT drug test result,
2. a DOT breath alcohol test with a result indicating an alcohol concentration of 0.04% or greater,
3. a refusal to test (including by adulterating or substituting a urine specimen) or
4. any other violation of the prohibition on the use of alcohol or drugs under a DOT agency regulation constitutes a DOT drug and alcohol regulation violation.
What
is the SAP's function in conducting the initial evaluation of an employee?
The initial step in this process is a SAP
Evaluation. During the evaluation
process all SAP’s must conduct the following.
1. Provide a comprehensive face-to-face
assessment and clinical evaluation.
2. Recommend a course of education and/or
treatment with which the employee must demonstrate successful compliance prior
to returning to DOT safety-sensitive duty.
a. This recommended education and treatment
must be made for every individual who has violated a DOT drug and alcohol
regulation.
b. A SAP must make a recommendation for
education and/or treatment that will, to the greatest extent possible, protect
public safety in the event that the employee returns to the performance of
safety-sensitive functions.
c. Appropriate education may include, but is
not limited to, self-help groups (e.g., Alcoholics Anonymous) and community
lectures, where attendance can be independently verified, and bona fide drug
and alcohol education courses.
d. Appropriate treatment may include, but is
not limited to, in-patient hospitalization, partial in-patient treatment,
out-patient counseling programs, and aftercare.
e. A SAP must also provide a written report
directly to the DER highlighting your specific recommendations for assistance
and treatment.
f. As a SAP, you must assume that a verified
positive test result has conclusively established that the employee committed a
DOT drug and alcohol regulation violation.
3. Substance Abuse Professionals must not
take into consideration in any way, as a factor in determining what your
recommendation will be, any of the following:
a. A claim by the employee that the test was
unjustified or inaccurate.
b. Statements by the employee that attempt
to mitigate the seriousness of a violation of a DOT drug or alcohol regulation
(e.g., related to assertions of use of hemp oil, “medical marijuana” use,
“contact positives,” poppy seed ingestion, job stress); or
c. Personal opinions you may have about the
justification or rationale for drug and alcohol testing.
d. In the course of gathering information
for purposes of your evaluation in the case of a drug-related violation, you
may consult with the MRO. MRO’s are required to cooperate with the SAP and
provide available information the SAP requests. It is not necessary to obtain
the consent of the employee to provide this information.
How does the return-to-duty process conclude?
If you are an employer and you wish to permit
the employee to return to performing of safety-sensitive functions, you must
ensure that the employee takes a return-to-duty test. This test cannot occur
until after the SAP has determined that the employee has successfully complied
with the prescribed education and/or treatment. The employee must have a
negative drug test result and/or an alcohol test with an alcohol concentration
of less than 0.02 before resuming the performance of safety-sensitive duties.
An SAP or MRO must not make a “fitness for
duty” determination as part of this re-evaluation unless required to do so
under an applicable DOT agency regulation. It is the employer’s responsibility
to decide whether to put the employee back to work in a safety-sensitive
position.
What is Follow-up Testing?
Follow-up
testing is required for CDL drivers who have:
1. Tested positive,
2. Refused to test, or
3. Otherwise violated the prohibitions of 49 CFR Part
382 Subpart B; and
4. Who has completed the return-to-duty process with a DOT-qualified substance abuse professional, and
5. Have tested negative for a return-to-duty test.
Follow up testing is prescribed by the substance abuse professional (SAP) and administered by the DER for a minimum of 6 directly observed tests in 12 months but can be extended an additional four years.